Reflective Assessment of Holistic Wellbeing

Reflective Assessment of Holistic Wellbeing Introduction Health, like beauty, lies in the eyes of the beholder and a single definition cannot capture its complexity. To this end, this essay aims to explore what health means to me and how it has been influenced by the experience of coping with my mothers chronic illness. To me, health transcends the absence of disease to include the physical, psychological and social well-being of a person; it means the empowerment of the individual, and is the foundation of a fulfilling life; it also means caring about the people who care about you and whom you care about. Describe For a period of time, my mother has been complaining of pain in her joints, hips and more recently, her back. I always had a bad feeling that there was something sinister about her pain even though our general practitioner could not pinpoint anything serious after several differential diagnoses. However, as she has a family history of joint pains, I chose to be in a state of denial to her pain and attributed it to a genetic condition she had that would go away with time. However, that was not the case. My family observed that my mother was getting more emotionally irritable as time went by, and the nagging pain meant that she often found reasons not to take part in social activities that we organized. It got to the extent that she was constantly lying in bed and could not do her favourite activities, such as going to the market, without considering the amount of movements she would have to go through. The radiating pain also gave her sleepless nights and all these were taking a toll on her quality of life, among many other factors. It was debilitating. And as her daughter, I felt helpless. More so because I was studying medicine, and was plagued with the guilt of not being able to relieve the suffering of the person I loved the most. The persistent pain worsened and my family decided to consult a specialist for a second opinion. A tumour was suspected. While the specialist made his diagnosis, I was very worried for my mother. I tried to prepare myself mentally to cope with the worst case scenarios, and this affected me emotionally and psychologically. I had no one to turn to as I did not want to worry others, and was at a loss of what to do. The results later revealed that my mother was diagnosed with a benign tumour (spine haemangioma). The specialist said that it was the lesser evil because it was not malignant, but that she would feel chronic pain throughout her life. What provided comfort to my family was the knowledge that there were treatments available to contain the tumour through methods such as radiotherapy and physiotherapy. Reflect It pains me to know that the person I love would be put through suffering both from the disease and its treatment, and I wished I could be the one going through it instead. Upon reflection, I realize that I had not been dealing with my emotions effectively. The fear of finding out more and my escapist mentality had prompted me to create an internal barrier, such that I could not provide the care and support for my mother as I would have liked her to have felt. Health means the holistic wellbeing of a person Witnessing her chronic suffering has made me realise that health does not merely mean the absence of disease but it requires a more holistic view which encompasses the physical, psychological and social well-being of a person. I used to think of health as merely the absence of physical pain that arose from diseases, and to this extent, the physicians task of relieving suffering was merely to alleviate the immediate physical pain and discomfort. However the literature I was exposed to on the nature of suffering in ill persons made me come to the realisation of my limited understanding of the term suffering. Through my research to understand the multi-faceted dimension of a person, and what suffering entails, I hope to be able to better understand what my mother is going through (albeit only the tip of the ice berg). Health means the empowerment of the individual, and is the foundation for a fulfilling life As the Catalan proverb goes, from the bitterness of disease, man learns the sweetness of health. I have too often taken for granted the gift of health that empowers a healthy individual to pursue things that matter in life not only ones aspirations or happiness, but down to the little things that affects our everyday living. For instance, I have seen how the chronic pain influenced my mothers daily routine, and brought much discomfort when travelling or doing household chores. I have come to appreciate that health enables individuals to use their body as a vessel to fulfil their dreams and satisfy their needs without being tied down or be restricted by suffering. Health is thus the basis which enables people to pursue happiness and wealth, aptly worded by Elbert Hubbard, who said, If you have health, you probably will be happy, and if you have health and happiness, you have all the wealth you need, even if it is not all you want. It takes a loss of health to appreciate these words o f wisdom. Health means caring about the people who care about you and whom you care about I always thought of Health as merely a personal responsibility and a duty that an individual owed only to himself. However, this experience has prompted me to comprehend how the absence of health in individuals will affect the mental, social and physical health of their loved ones as well. Research, analyse and connect The academic literature available allows me to gain a deeper insight on what health means to me and allows me to make sense of my experience in a broader context through considering the perspectives of others. Through examining the concept of human suffering brought about by the absence of good health, I learnt about the distinction between suffering and pain. A person who is in pain may not feel a proportional sense of suffering it is similarly possible for one to suffer even in the absence of pain. (Sanders 2009) In light of my mothers chronic illness, I was prompted to examine the literature on human suffering which made me realised that my understanding of the word suffering was limited at best. While I had always aspired to be a doctor to relieve the pain and suffering of people, I was of the view that human suffering was synonymous with physical pain brought upon an ill person due to diseases. However, literature has shown that suffering goes beyond the physical pain, and suffering defined merely as pain, disregards the broader significance of the suffering experienced by the ill. (Charmaz 2008) Suffering includes physical pain, but it is not limited to it. It can be understood by examining the many aspects of a holistic person and when any of these aspects is threatened, suffering ensues. These aspects may include a persons past, his or her role in society, relationships with others, day-to-day behaviour, and perception of the future. (Cassell 2004) The persistent pain my mother experienced affected her ability to do things that she had long associated herself with, such as playing tennis or climbing the stairs. In addition, my mother may have seen herself as being defined by several societal roles, such as being a wife, mother, caregiver to her parents, and a useful member of society. If the pain overwhelms her and restricts her from fulfilling these roles, she may see herself as being less than whole, and this may contribute to her perpetual suffering. In considering the holistic person and the suffering which impacts upon the many aspects of a person other than physical afflictions, it confirmed my understanding that health should also mean the physical, psychological and social well-being of a person. By understanding the multiple aspects of a personhood, I now better appreciate why medical education is shifting its emphasis from the traditional reductionist biomedical model of medicine to the biopsychosocial model of health. The limitations of the biomedical model is that it treats diseases in terms of abnormal physical mechanisms (Engel 2002) and this is inadequate in relieving sufferings in patients, as we now understand it to transcend the physical mechanisms to also encompass the holistic well-being of a person. The implications of the failure of physicians to understand the nature of sufferings can lead to medical interventions that (though technically adequate) not only fails to relieve suffering but becomes a source of su ffering itself. (Cassell 2004) This reflective practice also gives me a timely opportunity to evaluate my emotions and thoughts against that of the wider community. Relevant academic studies have shown that chronic illnesses also has an impact of the lives of caregivers. (Jung-Won Zebrack 2004) The emotions and thoughts that I felt were validated by researchers that show that receiving news of the chronic illness of a loved one can provoke emotions such as sadness, denial, grief and guilt. This may be due to guilty feelings of not giving adequate support to the ill person or it could be due to the emotional pain of feeling the loss of a loved ones health. (McIntyre 2005) It is important to attend to the impact of chronic illness on caregivers as research has shown that the holistic health of a caregiver has the potential to influence the health outcomes of persons with chronic illness. (WE 1999) Suggested methods of coping with these emotions include talking to someone; being informed about the disease as it give s the caregiver a sense of control; and accepting that there is a limit to the relief that a caregiver can provide. (familydoctor.org 2010) Decide, act and evaluate In light of the reflective writing and the academic literature reviewed, I hope that this will help me to come to terms and cope with the negative emotions I felt since receiving news of my mothers tumour. I can approach this by confiding in someone I am comfortable with, confronting my escapist mentality by finding out more about my mothers spinal haemangioma, and being aware of the treatments that she is going through. Her treatment is likely to expand over a long period of time, and she would need much emotional support and love from me. I have to be open to discussions about her illness and not evade any conversation on the topic as I did before. This reflective practice has also helped me to be more understanding and sensitive to the suffering of patients and their families. As a medical student, I have been made aware that the suffering of patients extends beyond physical pain, and that it is necessary for physicians to focus on patient-centred medicine and attend to the biopsychosocial model of health. It is also important to be aware of the impact that caring for a chronic ill patient has on the caregiver. To this end, I can be proactive as a future practitioner in asking caregivers how they are coping, and provide them with support services that they can turn to. I have also realised the important roles that practitioners play in preparing caregivers for the transition of roles to care for the ill, and in helping them anticipate changes that may occur in their lives. This gives caregivers a better sense of control over the situation, and increases their confidence in caring for the patient. A major takeaway from reflecting on what health means to me has been my understanding of the importance of medical practitioner to focus not only on curing diseases but also to relieve the sufferings of patients, understood holistically. To me, health transcends the absence of disease to include the physical, psychological and social well-being of a person; it means the empowerment of the individual, and is the foundation of a fulfilling life; it also means caring about the people who care about you and whom you care about.

Comparing Death of a Salesman and Fences

When it comes to comparing and contrasting two different cultures and morals the differences can be night and day. In Death Of A Salesman and Fences, these stories follow two middle-class families around the same time period (late 1940-1950’s), who are both facing problems within their own household’s. From marital issues to failing father/son relationships, both of these stories paint a picture to the audience of what life in an urban family living in that time setting was like through the author’s eyes.And even yet with all the things between these two plays that make them alike, there are also many things that make them very different. In Fences we follow Troy Maxon, an ex baseball player and hard headed â€Å"family man† who takes pride in providing for his family with his job as a garbage man. Along side him is his wife, Rose Maxon, a â€Å"tell it like it is† type of woman who cares for her family and wants nothing more than to keep it togethe r. Their teenage son, Cory Maxon, a high school football player with college bound dreams and the talent to take him there.And then there is Lyons, Troy's son from a previous relationship, and a talented jazz musician who has a hard time finding a source of income. In Death Of A Salesman we follow Willy Lowman, a troubled traveling salesman who wants nothing more than to see himself and his family succeed in the â€Å"American Dream†. His wife Linda Lowman, a loving woman with a big heart, who would do anything to keep her husband and her sons happy. And their two sons Happy and Biff.Happy being a sex crazy ladies man working in a department store, while Biff is an unemployed ex high school football star who turned to a life of stealing after failing high school and not graduating. Both Troy and Willy have two sons and even their children are alike in ways, both Biff and Corey played/play football and both were/are very good at it, but biff lost his ambition soon after high s chool though his father wished he would have done better with himself. while Corey tried to use his talent at football to take himself places but Troy selfishly stood in his way.Willy's son Happy constantly stands in biff's shadow while Lyons is Troy's son from a different mother who never saw Troy through his childhood due to Troy being in jail, unlike Corey, so its almost as if he stands in Corey's shadow as well though Troy nor Rose treats him any differently. Unlike Willy and Linda, who seem to put more attention towards Biff than Happy. So it seems that the boys all have similarities between them but the way they are treated by their mother and father are where the differences lay.In Death Of A Salesman Willy treats his wife Linda, as though he does not appreciate her. He talks to her disrespectfully and even ignores her on occasion, and even though he does this blatantly she still stands by his side and acts as his support. In Fences Troy treats his wife Rose with a certain am ount of respect but when he does step out of line Rose is not the one to take it. A perfect example of this would be the fact that both men had found a way to have an extramarital affair, and both for validations reasons. Linda chose to ignore the fact that Willy was having an affair.By ignoring what was happening, Linda did not have to admit to herself what was going on, and saved herself some difficult choices. Linda was not strong enough to make those choices. When Rose found out that Troy had been unfaithful she chose to leave him. And even through it all she still chose to take care of the child he had with another woman, because in her eyes Troy was guilty, and not the child. This shows how strong Rose is in comparison to Linda. Both Death Of A Salesman and Fences were very dramatic plays that touched on many subjects that people even today can relate to.From infidelity, to fighting, to lost friendships/relationships and even death. both stories left the audiences with somethi ng to think about in their own personal lives and both stories made sure to create a character everyone could relate to in some way. there are common themes that run throughout both stories. Among these are two, hard working men that can be a bit disillusioned by life. The main characters of each story may be similar in many ways but both authors made it a point to highlight the differences between them and the differences between the stories themselves.

The Final Gift

The average person knows very little of death; it is a feared topic and not openly discussed. We misunderstand the process, do not know what to expect, and there is great mystery surrounding the end of life. The authors saw a much-needed chance to educate the public, to allow them to learn from death, even to appreciate it as a natural part life. The patient does not know what they are facing, and are burdened with extreme fear. Many have unresolved issues in their lives, and these can be the source of great agitation and even panic as they approach the end.The caregivers, oth family and the medical team, use medication to ease physical pain but this is often not enough to produce peace. The authors know from experience that helping the patient requires more then simple pain management. One must listen and interpret what is happening, to help alleviate any concerns the patient has. Callanan and Kelley share the wisdom and the â€Å"gifts† patients offer in death, by approachin g each situation with â€Å"open hearts†¦ and minds† and celebrating the patient's life. (callanan ; Kelley, 1992) The authors coin the phrase â€Å"Nearing Death Awareness† to summarize the dying process. Callanan ; Kelley, p. 1) The dying have an â€Å"awareness† of what is happening to them, and possibly even a glimpse into an afterlife. With some basic education, families are taught to care for loved ones, making them comfortable, which change to look for. The dying should be given the choice on how and where they will spend their final time. They most often choose the familiar setting of home, surrounded by loved ones. Hospice nurses and other medical professions are available on site, giving care and support not only to the patient, but also to the family. Death is portrayed in our modern society as dramatic and painful.Often family members become simple spectators, playing no role in providing comfort leaving everything to the medical staff. (Callana n ; Kelley, p. 38) Callanan and Kelley seek to make families and friends more involved in the dying process; providing care and comfort. They understand what their loved one is experiencing, learn from it, and help them pass with dignity and peace. The passing will often leave us with clues, some related to their lives, professions, hobbies; and these are ways of them telling loved ones that they are dying, an attempt to make final communications.It is important for the family to listen for such clues and interpret them, to communicate with their loved one and reassure them that they will be fine; the arrangements have been made. Visions of an afterlife and visitations by deceased loved ones are common with many patients before death. This seems to offer comfort to most who experience this, and they are often unable to describe in words they Joy and beauty that they witness. The authors recognize these as supernatural and spiritual events. They serve to ready the patient for the aft erlife, and Join loved ones who have passed n.The scientific community disputes such assertions; viewing such occurrences as simple functions of the brain as it is failing and dying. Such â€Å"visions† would then be common to patients, as a shared physiological process we all experience from dying and near death experiences. The authors do not attempt to explain or dispute the reality ot these supernatural events They snare what a loved one might experience as they near death to educate. The experiences they have witnessed and the Joy and comfort brought about in an extremely difficult time by these spiritual events.The patient and their family will go through five stages in dealing with impending death: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Denial is a result of shock; it keeps those involved from accepting the reality of the situation. (Callanan ; Kelley, p. 44) Denial should never be encouraged, as it can give false hope, and make the diagnosis even more difficult to accept. Anger can be the toughest to deal with, and can be driven by fear and resentment. Empathy and support should be offered as one works through the anger.Understanding and communication are important to try and overcome anger. Bargaining is best understood as an almost child-like behavior, â€Å"one more hug, one more story, one more drink of water (before bedtime)† (Callanan ; Kelley, p. 53) The dying try to postpone what is inevitable; and usually this bargaining is with a higher power, God. They make promises of change or good deeds while trying to â€Å"buy' more time or better health. Those around the patient may not be aware of the bargaining process, as the patient pleads with â€Å"god† in private.Depression stems from grief of losing relationships, health, future opportunities and experiences. (Callanan & Kelley, p. 4) The patient seeks to be understood and empathized with; attempts to dismiss or make light of the depression only worsen the situation. Acceptance finally comes as death approaches. Acceptance of death can be peaceful, yet painful for the family as they realize their loved one is ready to move on. (Callanan & Kelley, p. 55) Acceptance of death can be misinterpreted that one is giving up, does not care, or is detached from loved ones. To some degree, most people die†and react to someone else's death†in ways reflecting their usual style of handling of crisis†. (Callanan ; Kelley, p. 9) Our everyday natural personas and emotions tend to be amplified by death, and can bring out some of our worst and best behavior. â€Å"†¦Like birthing, dying can be an opportunity for the whole family to share positive experiences, rather than only sadness, pain, and loss. That is the challenge of this work, and that's the Joy for me†. (Callanan ; Kelley, p. 30) As a radiation therapist I will be working with many patients that are battling cancer, a life threatening diagnosis. For some, the trea tment is palliative; there may be little hope of a cure. It is important to recognize and understand what the patient s experiencing, their emotions, which stage's of the dying process they are in. Empathy and truly listening to the patient will be vital in building trust and open communication. Stages of death such as anger may be evident, and it is vital to realize the anger is not directed at medical staff, but a reflection of inner struggles the patient is going through.I have very limited experience in discussing and confronting death in my personal life. Final Gifts has given me a better understanding of what dying entails. The experiences Callanan and Kelley share will prove useful in discussing death with future patients. With the goal of providing the best care possible, I will be able to educate the patient better after reading Final Gifts. I will be able to explain what is typical when facing death. Help to alleviate concerns of the unknown, fear of pain and what is happe ning to them.The stories shared by Callanan and Kelley will make me more receptive to what the patient may be communicating to loved ones. I may be able to pass on such intormation to the family who are best suited to interpret such final requests. I now believe that death does offer lessons for us to learn from, to help us celebrate our own lives and those f loved ones. We can prepare to eventually leave this world without regrets. We could avoid hostile or broken relationship now, and have a new found appreciation for the time we have.The authors make many valid and insightful observations on the dying process. Hospice nurses by profession, they were able to observe and document the dying process of their patients, allowing us to learn from experiences of others. The end of life is certainly filled with emotions of all involved, physical changes, spiritual experiences, and highlighted by relationships with friends and family as death draws ear. The patient often knows they are dyi ng; their final mission is to make amends, find closure, and wrap up any â€Å"loose ends† in their life.It is important for the dying to know their family will be taken care of, that they accept their departure. Family should celebrate the life of the dying; their accomplishments, relationships and triumphs. The spiritual experiences, communicating with others in the afterlife and seeing beautiful places to come is a very fascinating topic. I have yet to personally experience any near death experiences, and find myself somewhat skeptical about he role a higher power and afterlife. I do not dismiss or deny any such experiences.I am able to draw personal comfort knowing there appears to be a peace that comes with such events as ones nears death. These near death experiences play an important role in giving Joy and comfort to those passing from this life. I do not need a scientific or religious explanation of the source, and there are infinite theories on the subject. Simply kn owing that such events are a cause of peace for the dying is very comforting. The authors seek to change death from taboo and feared to a part of life more nderstood and accepted.It is portrayed badly in media, as a sad and painful event. They seek to change the stereotypes of death, to educate the reader, help them face their own death or that of a loved one. Hospice care looks to alleviate the physical pain of the terminally ill, however emotional distress should not be overlooked. Unresolved conflicts with loved ones need to be addressed, sometimes with one's faith or â€Å"God† as well. Once healing of relationships is attempted or obtained, the dying rest knowing nothing was left unsettled in their lives.Families witness their oved one able to pass in peace and tranquility, making the loss that much easier to cope with. Callanan summarizes the process as such, â€Å"By listening and understanding these messages, we are given unique opportunities to prepare ourselves for their loss, to deal with our fears of dying, to use well the time that is left, and to participate more significantly in this life event†.

A Psychodynamic Treatment Approach Essay - 1352 Words

Susanna would benefit most from a psychodynamic treatment approach, with a specific emphasis on clarification, confrontation, and interpretation/transference interpretation. As highlighted by McWilliams (1999), recurrent themes emerge within the therapy which constitute the client’s internal and external world. With this in mind, Susanna’s internal object relations would undoubtedly unfold in the relationship with the therapist. As Susanna evidences a lack of insight, it will be the therapist’s responsibility to clarify Susanna’s experiences for her. In this view, clarification refers to the reformulation of the patient’s verbalizations to convey a more coherent view of what is being communicated. The therapist may want to clarify what it was like in Susanna’s household growing up, and gather further information on Susanna’s romantic relationships. Clarifying sentiments might include â€Å"you stated that at times you felt loved by yo ur mother, and hated at other times, but overall do you feel that your mother loves you?† While this technique alone will not lead to therapeutic change, it will be essential for helping Susanna develop a rapport with the therapist, and establishing a therapeutic alliance. As borderline pathology is characterized by negative affects, and impulsive, dangerous behavior, the therapist’s ability to keep Susanna in treatment will be essential. The therapist can do this by presenting him/herself non-judgmentally, as well showing Susanna that s/he isShow MoreRelatedPsychological Theories Of Psychology And Psychology1143 Words   |  5 Pagesfall under several main categories namely psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, and developmental approaches. These psychological theories play a significant role in psychopathology. 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